Pakistan
Pakistan covers an area of 796,095 km2 (307,374 sq mi), approximately equalling the combined land areas of France and the United Kingdom. It is the 36th largest nation. The geography of Pakistan is a blend of landscapes varying from plains to deserts, forests, hills, and plateaus ranging from the coastal areas of the Arabian Sea in the south to the mountains of the Karakoram range in the north. Pakistan is divided into three major geographic areas: the northern highlands; the Indus River plain; and the Balochistan Plateau. arid conditions existing in the coastal south, characterised by a monsoon season with frequent flooding rainfall and a dry season with significantly lesser to no rainfall. There are four distinct seasons; a cool, dry winter from December through February; a hot, dry spring from March through May; the summer rainy season or southwest monsoon period, from June through September; and the retreating monsoon period of October and November.
Despite being once listed as one of the most dangerous countries in the world by The Economist, tourism is still a growing industry in Pakistan because of its diverse cultures, peoples and landscapes. The variety of attractions ranges from the ruins of ancient civilizations such as mohenjo-daro, Harrapa and Taxila, to the Himalayan hill-stations, that attract those interested in field and winter sports. Pakistan also has five out of fourteen mountain peeks of height over 8,000 meters.
Population in Pakistan increased from 1990 to 2008 with 58 million and 54 % growth in population. The estimated population of Pakistan in 2010 was over 170 million making it the world's sixth most-populous country, behind Brazil and ahead of Bangladesh. In 1951 Pakistan had a population of 34 million. The population growth rate now stands at 1.6%. It is expected that by 2030, Pakistan will overtake Indonesia as the largest Muslim country in the world.
The majority of southern Pakistan's population live along the Indus River. By population size, Karachi is the largest city of Pakistan. In the northern half, most of the population live in an arc formed by the cities of Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Gujranwala, Sialkot, Gujrat, Jhelum, Sargodha, Sheikhupura, Nowshera, Mardan, and Peshawar. About 20% of the population live below the international poverty line of US$1.25 a day.
Life expectancy at birth is 63 years for females and 62 years for males as of 2006 compared to the healthy life expectancy at birth which was 54 years for males and 52 years for females in 2003. Expenditure on health was at 2% of the GDP in 2006. The mortality below 5 was at 97 per 1,000 live births in 2006.
Wednesday, October 26, 2011
Saturday, October 22, 2011
chapters 11/12
In chapter 11, the issue is poverty and it also discusses microcredit. Microcredit is a program that provides women who live in poverty with an oppertunity to create their own prosperity. There are many different organizations such as DiscoverHOpe that train women in entrepreneurship so those living in developing nations can shape their own lives.
Poverty in Pakistan has left millions in a situation where they live on two dollars a day or less; and that number is rising, there are one in every two children that live in poverty around the world. It is believed that gender inequality is to blame for these conditions, as well as a lack of education.
Poverty in Pakistan has left millions in a situation where they live on two dollars a day or less; and that number is rising, there are one in every two children that live in poverty around the world. It is believed that gender inequality is to blame for these conditions, as well as a lack of education.
Wednesday, October 5, 2011
Issue 9/10
I decided to choose the topic of education as the issue for chapters 9 and 10. The issue of girls in schools came up quite frequently in chapter 10 and their was little to no motivation for females to go through school and become educated. In words of many people, why should women go to school and waste their time if they are going to hoe fields? In chapter 10 the chapter starts out following a newly married couple from China in the 1980's. The parents dropped out of elementary school and were barely literate. The fee was $13 a year and seemed like a waste of money. In their minds, it could go to some things that are so much better, like rice and food. On the girls first day of school, she couldn't afford basic supplies and was very nervous. The teachers were helpful and gave Dai Manju scraps of paper and old pencil bits. Because this girls story was written by the authors, they were given $10,000 to pay for Dai Manju's education and the school used it for every student and even wanted to build a new school. However, the bank, Morgan Guaranty Trust company made an error and the sympathetic person who donated, meant to only give $100, not $10,000. However, when things turned awful and it seemed that the money would be taken back, the bank owned up and donated the difference so that they did not have to force children to drop out of schools. Because of all the scholarships funded by Morgan Guaranty, many other girls on the hillside had also enjoyed an unusual spurt in education and had found jobs in factories. The power of education is important and by just one simple person helping out, it changed many, many people.
summary chapt 9/10
In chapter 9 of Half the Sky, the subject was centered around Islam and woman's rights. It begins by describing a man's trip to Afghanistan and the conversations he had with the Muslim women along the way. He spoke to them about their rights and how they felt about them. They told him stories of their life and they discussed evryone's feelings towards women. The chapter talked about different slants on religion and how the Koran explicitly endorses some gender discrimination: A woman's testimony counts only half as much as a man's, and a daughter inherits only half as much as a son. (p.151) The chapter told the story of an educated woman who was told to marry her cousin but she did not want to, shew didn't like the job he had andd wanted to continue with her education. Herr family beat her and her sister who followed in her footsteps. This section also brought up the topic of the amount of violence that men in the area posses. They are brought up learning that in orderr to get what you want, you havee to act out and be violent. At the end of the chapter, it was said that in general, the best clue to a nation's growth and development potential is the status and role of the women in the country.
Chapter 10 was about education in women. It was said that many of the women in China do not continue their education past elementary school. It told the story of a young girl who was told to drop out of school in order to help around the house because she was the oldest child in the family. Someone donated $10,000 to her so that she could finish her schooling. This money helped not only her, but all the young women in the area that coldn't afford schooling. It also built a new school.
Chapter 10 was about education in women. It was said that many of the women in China do not continue their education past elementary school. It told the story of a young girl who was told to drop out of school in order to help around the house because she was the oldest child in the family. Someone donated $10,000 to her so that she could finish her schooling. This money helped not only her, but all the young women in the area that coldn't afford schooling. It also built a new school.
Tuesday, October 4, 2011
US Response Investigator
In Chapter 10 the organization FemCare, which is accompanied by Proctor & Gamble started their own project by distributing free pads in Africa, helping girls manage menstruation health. The goal was to find a way of getting more girls to attend high school. In Africa, girls typically reuse old rags during their period, which is unhealthy and can lead to sickness. The girls also try avoiding being embarrassed so they usually stay home until their time is over. FemCare took action, but when they did they ran into a problem while distributing pads to the girls in Africa. The girls needed a place to change their pads and clean up. Many of the schools didn’t have toilets, so FemCare decided to build toilets with running water. FemCare also built and installed small sealed incinerators near the new bathrooms. In some parts of Africa, it’s believed that one’s blood can be used to cast a spell, so the girls would fear to leave their bloody pads exposed. FemCare then took another step forward by teaching the school teachers how to literally burn the pads. In the future, FemCare plans on sending doctors and nurses to Africa four times a year to provide education on health problems, health education in general and to continue distributing pads. The mission involves a five year commitment to expand and continue the program in Africa. The program is giving the company of Proctor & Gamble the license to operate in Africa for all of its products. FemCare has also worked with a non-profit organization called, The Girl Child Network, giving pads to schoolgirls in Kenya as well.
Wednesday, September 21, 2011
Issue Investigator
The main issue that was talked about throughout chapter 6-8 was obstructed labor and the lack of medical care during child birth. To sum that up, we would call it maternal mortality.
SCALE:
-In 2000 worldwide, 529,000 deaths occurred due to maternal mortality.
-Women in Africa have a 1-in-20 chance of surviving pregnancy. In many other countries the risks are higher, like 1-in-10.
- For everyone woman that dies from obstructed pregnancies, approx. 30 more suffer injuries, infections, and disabilities.
-Most maternal mortality happens in Africa.
Some causes of maternal mortality:
-Hemorrhage, sepsis (very severe infection), unsafe abortions(13% worldwide), pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, prolonged or obstructed labor.
- Major issues would be: severe bleeding, infections, hypertensive disorders, an obstructed labor.
Prevention:
-74% of maternal mortality can be prevented if all women has access to interventions from preventing or treating pregnancy.
-Poverty, gender, lack of information, weak health system, lack of political commitment, cultural barriers are things that can be averted.
-Access to family planning and safe abortion.
-No skilled heath worker during the pregnancy.
-No services in their areas.
-They cannot afford the services provided.
-Not using the serviced because they don’t like how they are ran.
-Services not delivering high-quality care.
Organization:
MPS- Making Pregnancy Safer
WHO- World Health Organization
It is not a right to be healthy, but it is a right to have services or facilities, good and conditions that promote and protect the highest standard of health.
- Tiffany Beaulieu
Tuesday, September 20, 2011
Summary 6-8
In Chapter 6 the author talks about Maternal Morality. A case was followed of Mahabouba Muhammad, a tall woman who grew up in western Ethiopia. These days, she has no problem talking about her story. Before, pain would be eminent, and still to this day, pain shines in her eyes from time to time. Mahabouba was raised in a village near the town of Jimma. She started working as a maid with her sister. Mahabouba was sold to another "owner" and was beaten and raped. She only thought she would be cleaning for the man. Jiad, had purchased her to be his second wife. Jiad and his first wife would never let Mahabouba out of the house as they feared she would run. However, Mahabouba got pregnant and after being seven months pregnant, finally got away successfully. Mahabouba tried to give birth but her pelvis hadn't grown large enough to accomodate the baby's head, common in girls her age. Unfortunately, after seven days of the baby not being able to come out, it died and realized she had no control over her bladder or bowels. She couldn't walk or even stand, a consequence of nerve damage that is a frequent by-product of fistula. Mahabouba escaped to a missionary. Soon, the Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital, where she was treated. 30,000-130,000 new cases of fistula develop each year in Africa alone. The WHO estimated 536,000 women perished in pregnancy or childbirth in 2005. 99% of which are from poor countries. MMR (maternal morality ratio) registers the number of maternal deaths for every 100,000 live births. The chapter also talked about Allan Rosenfield, a doctor who taveled from country to country, serving poor people who needed help.
In chapter 7, the author talks about the death of women during childbirth. Usually, eclampsia, hemorrhage, malaria, abortion complications, obstructed labor, or sepsis. The chapter talks about a women named Prudence Lemokouno. Prudence's cervix was blocked and the baby couldn't come out. After three days of labor, the birth attendant sat on Prudence's stomach and jumped up and down. That ruptured Prudence's uterus. However, when arriving at the hospital. The doctor wanted $100, they could only provide $20. After much time, the family paid up. Blood was needed for a transfusion and the videographer's both donated blood. The doctor finally operated after three days of waiting since she had gotten to the hospital. Three days after the surgery, Prudence died. This story, happens once in the world, every minute. Four major factors for a woman's death is biology, lack of schooling, lack of rural health systems, and disregard for women. Chapter 7 also speaks about Edna's hospital. Edna Aden built a maternal hospital. Everyone was shocked because it was a third world country.
In chapter 8, the author discusses family planning and the "God Gulf". Rose Wanjera, a 26 year old woman in Kenya showed up at a maternity clinic one afternoon. She was poor and couldn't afford care. She was unusual to this slum clinic because she attended college and spoke English. She was pregnant and an infection threatened her life and that of the baby. The doctor referred her to a same motherhood program. The issue that arose was that funds were cut for this program. All because Marie Stopes was helpoing to provide abortions in China. Instead of cutting a Chinese program, the givers cut funds to the Africa region. The USA withheld all $34 million dollars that had been allocated for the UNFPA.
In chapter 7, the author talks about the death of women during childbirth. Usually, eclampsia, hemorrhage, malaria, abortion complications, obstructed labor, or sepsis. The chapter talks about a women named Prudence Lemokouno. Prudence's cervix was blocked and the baby couldn't come out. After three days of labor, the birth attendant sat on Prudence's stomach and jumped up and down. That ruptured Prudence's uterus. However, when arriving at the hospital. The doctor wanted $100, they could only provide $20. After much time, the family paid up. Blood was needed for a transfusion and the videographer's both donated blood. The doctor finally operated after three days of waiting since she had gotten to the hospital. Three days after the surgery, Prudence died. This story, happens once in the world, every minute. Four major factors for a woman's death is biology, lack of schooling, lack of rural health systems, and disregard for women. Chapter 7 also speaks about Edna's hospital. Edna Aden built a maternal hospital. Everyone was shocked because it was a third world country.
In chapter 8, the author discusses family planning and the "God Gulf". Rose Wanjera, a 26 year old woman in Kenya showed up at a maternity clinic one afternoon. She was poor and couldn't afford care. She was unusual to this slum clinic because she attended college and spoke English. She was pregnant and an infection threatened her life and that of the baby. The doctor referred her to a same motherhood program. The issue that arose was that funds were cut for this program. All because Marie Stopes was helpoing to provide abortions in China. Instead of cutting a Chinese program, the givers cut funds to the Africa region. The USA withheld all $34 million dollars that had been allocated for the UNFPA.
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